Influence of rGO Concentration on the Strain and Conductivity in MAIPbCl2 Thin Films

Abstract

The composite of methylammonium lead chloride iodide-reduced graphene oxide (MAIPbCl2/rGO) was prepared via the soak deposition method. In this work, the composite was studied with differences of weight percent (wt%) rGO on MAIPbCl2 precursor, whose rGO contents of 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, and 10 wt% were considered. A variety of the composition of all samples was observed and analyzed for optical, physical, and electrical properties using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and the Hall effect. Normally, the mean crystallite size of MAIPbCl2 is 22.01 nm, whereas the composited MAIPbCl2/rGO obtained a maximum crystallite size of 29.88 nm (in the case of 8 wt% rGO). Remarkably, a MAIPbCl2/8 wt% rGO thin film assembly was produced that demonstrated the lowest strain of 7.07×10-2. Moreover, the activation energy determined from the nature logarithm of conductivity and 1000/T by using the temperature-dependent electrical transport data was displayed in a temperature range of 298–323 K. It was found that MAIPbCl2/8 wt%rGO improves the activation energy of 0.95 eV and yields the enhancement a maximum conductivity of 36.93 S/cm at 303 K.