Assessment of Construction and Demolition Waste Application for Improving Frost Resistance in Masonry Clay Units

Authors

  • Miloš R. Vasić Institute for Testing of Materials, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, 1100 Belgrade, Serbia
  • Anja Terzić Institute for Testing of Materials, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, 1100 Belgrade, Serbia
  • Marko Stojanović Institute for Testing of Materials, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, 1100 Belgrade, Serbia
  • Miloš Vorkapić University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
  • Dragan Bojović Institute for Testing of Materials, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, 1100 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract

The main objective of the research was to estimate the feasibility of construction and demolition waste (CDW) application in the production of frost-resistant masonry clay elements. After being formed into hollow masonry blocks and bricks, the experimental samples were dried and fired. Chemical, granulometric, mineralogical, differential-thermal, and thermogravimetric analyses were used for characterizing the materials. Drying sensitivity and plasticity were assessed using the Bigot and Pfefferkorn tests. Linear shrinkage and compressive strength were determined on green and fired ceramic samples. Frost resistance was tested in accordance with EN 772-22 and ASTM C1167-22. The mercury intrusion porosimeter and RapidAir 457 were used in the evaluation of the pore size distribution. Clay elements fired at lower temperatures proved more frost-resistant. Waste-based elements exhibited improved frost resistance compared to standard bricks and hollow blocks. The compressive strength of the waste-added building products was reduced, but it still exceeded the standard strength values for their application in load-bearing walls.

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Published

2026-09-12

Issue

Vol. 58 No. 3 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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